CHeboli to us do not trust

The Asian manufacturers of electronics have won exclusive items in the Ukrainian market, but they prefer to open the factories in neighbouring countries. The Ukrainian legislation and taxation system frighten off investors

In September of this year the largest South Korean chebol — company Samsung — has opened the first factory on production of flat panel TVs in territory of the CIS. The enterprise constructed near to Kaluga becomes the principal supplier liquid crystal (LCD) TVs on the markets of Russia, Ukraie and Kazakhstan. Next year the company is going to remove from the conveyor of one and a half million TVs, and in three years to leave on complete capacity in 2,8 million units. It in two and a half time most of all volume of the market of liquid crystal TVs in Ukraine. The factory will not be limited melkouzlovoy to equipment assemblage, and will collect LCD-monitors and in more remote prospect — home appliances.

For company Samsung it is the third factory in countries of Eastern Europe and the CIS. Three enterprises of one more Korean corporation LG Electronics Here too work. Capacities of these companies have placed in Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and now in Russia. The majority of them have constructed for the last three years. In Ukraine there is almost all composed for placing of the enterprises for electronics production — a great demand on production, rather cheap labour and a convenient geographical position. There are only clear game rules in a kind regulyatornyih no norms and tax stimulus. While it will not be, the right to make remains to the technician behind neighbouring countries.

The Asian upstarts

Ukraine — a tidbit for the Asian companies. For example, the segment of sales of laptops in our country on 70 % is supervised by three Asian manufacturers — Acer, Asus and Samsung. In the world this Trinity in common supervises no more the fifth part of the market, conceding lead to the American duet Hewlett Packard and Dell. In a segment of mobile phones company Samsung has managed to snip off its third while the corporation share in the world market is twice less. In the Ukrainian segment of liquid crystal TVs LG and Samsung keep 60 % of the market, that in two and a half time more than their share in the world market. This overweight in favour of the Asian manufacturers has a explanation. «In the markets of the countries were CCCR global brands had no possibility to generate image because of the Iron Curtain that is why the Korean companies were on equal terms with them», — the chief executive of one of the largest Ukrainian distributors of electronics "South-contract" considers Nikolay Fabro.

Besides, before recent time the western manufacturers simply ignored the market of the CIS. An interesting example: Apple only agrees with the largest mobile operators of Russia and Ukraine about sale iPhone, and Nokia develops ayfonopodobnyiy phone whereas Taiwan company HTC and Korean Samsung have already exhibited in the Russian and Ukrainian supermarkets iPhone killers — direct competitors made a noise gadzheta from Apple. Similarly in the market of laptops the first manufacturer who has started to deliver ultracompact laptops to Ukraine, became Asus from Taiwan.

Samsung and LG have caught market potential, having opened representations in our country about ten years ago. «At an exit on the domestic market the Korean companies very aggressively used strategy Push, that is have as much as possible filled in regiments of shops with the goods through distributors. At them and in retail during this period it was valid more South Korean brendovoy production, rather than that was required by demand. Therefore partly the burden of advancement of the goods has laid down on shoulders of direct distributors», — speaks Nikolay Fabro. Other brands have attended to it more recently. One of the largest players in the market of mobile personal computers group Toshiba only in the summer 2008 has opened official representation in Ukraine. The second in the world market of laptops company Dell has advanced it only for a year. And only in the beginning of this month there was an Ukrainian representation at the Chinese-American manufacturer of laptops Lenovo, the fifth in the world and little-known in our country.

Transit "East-West"

It would seem, having such strong items in the domestic market, the Asian manufacturers should think of placing here capacities. After all Ukraine combines all advantages of neighbouring countries. On dynamics of growth of the market we have overtaken Russia, showing three-value rates. According to report Unitrade Group, in the first quarter of this year Ukrainians have purchased LCD-TVs in two and a half time more than in the first quarter of the past, digital cameras — it is more on third. And in respect of a cheap labour and affinity to the markets of Europe we can compete to Poland or Slovakia.

Nevertheless the companies yet do not consider Ukraine as an industrial platform. «Now at Samsung twenty two factories, including recently open enterprise in Russia. As soon as possible we will concentrate on production expansion in Kaluga, but new capacities in the CIS countries to build we do not gather», — Whether the president shtabkvartiryi Samsung across the CIS countries and Baltic has informed Don Dzhu.

Structure of an Ukrainian language and the world market of mobile phones on brands

And the decision it is logical. Manufacturers of hi-tech production do not hasten to erect capacities in the countries which to it do not stimulate them. If to take for criterion of appeal tax privileges Ukraine obviously loses to the states of the Central Europe. For example, in Slovakia where factories Sony and Samsung are possessed, depending on degree depressivnosti power region compensate to 50 % of the means enclosed by the investor. If the investor opens production of high technologies in region where the rate of unemployment is more than 15 %, the state will return it half of investments. Similar indemnification of investments acts in Hungary. The state compensates to investors of means by reduction of obligations under the profit tax.

In Ukraine not only there is no similar scheme, but also the European Union applies the duty at a rate of 6–14 % on electronics importation. As a result of IT-gigant Hewlett Packard, which unique has opened at us production, last year has curtailed the activity. It is one of negative examples of how the introduction of Ukraine into the World Trade Organization (WTO) has affected economy. Still the duty has been sharply lowered to entry in the WTO on importation of computer production (our country in general has incurred obligations to establish zero duties, however respective alterations in the legislation are not registered yet) that is why import of electronics from Europe became cheaper than its production in Ukraine. In turn, according to the application of the Ministry of economic development and trade of the Russian Federation, the duty on importation of computers to Russia will be cancelled in three-four years after the introduction into the international trading organisation. And it, judging by cooling of relations of Russia with the West, will take place at a distant day. Is received to construct more favourably factory in the Russian Federation and to remove ready electronics to Ukraine, than on the contrary.

Have not managed to entice

The role the unsolved agrarian question has played also. In the Eastern Europe it is developed infrastrukturaindustrialnyih parks where to the investor the arranged well ground area is allocated. In Ukraine industrial parks are not present, and it is necessary to equip the taken away platform independently. « On the plot allocated to us there was no system water-and gas supply, the water drain and heating. Company Jabil independently laid engineering communications that has managed to it in addition in two million dollars », — the general director unique foreign factory on electronics production in Ukraine Jabil Circuit Ukraine Phillip Kostemal has informed as of today. It is no wonder, that in a free economic zone«Zakarpate»since 2004 any investor has not come. Experience of players shows, what even those not numerous benefits which Ukraine has, are too changeable. A vivid example — a situation with company Jabil attending to contract production for global IT-kompaniy. The agreement between the investor and local authorities consisted on one conditions assuming zero duties on importation of accessories. To act to factory it was necessary in perfect other conditions (payment of duties for customs registration of the consignment at a rate of 0,2 % and the VAT) in which benefits from a cheap labour were blocked bo/lshej in comparison with the countries-neighbours fiscal load.

So, the dynamical domestic consumer market Ukraine — all as to lose struggle for hi-tech production will feed workers of Poland, Hungary and Russia, and.